Financial glossary

Important financial terms in Slovakia — explained simply.

Find clear explanations of terms that can help you understand finances, documents, and conversations with banks, insurers and public institutions.

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A

Akciové fondy

Funds that invest mainly in company shares. They offer potential for long-term growth, but their value can fluctuate substantially.

Akciový index

A measure that tracks the performance of a selected group of shares according to predefined rules.

AMLAnti-money laundering

Rules and checks used by financial institutions to help prevent money laundering and the financing of criminal activity.

C

Cenový index

A measure that compares how the prices of a selected basket of goods, services or assets change over time.

D

Dlhopisové fondy

Funds that invest primarily in government or corporate bonds. Their value is influenced mainly by interest rates and issuers’ ability to repay their obligations.

DDSDoplnkové dôchodkové sporenie (III. pilier)

Voluntary supplementary pension saving to which an employer may also contribute.

DSSdôchodková správcovská spoločnosť

A company that manages a saver’s personal pension account and invests their savings in the second pillar.

Dôchodkový fond

A fund in which a DSS invests savers’ contributions. Funds differ in strategy, risk and expected long-term return.

Dôchodkový kapitál

Savings built to fund future retirement through contributions, investment growth and time.

Druhý pilier

Old-age pension saving in which part of a person’s contributions is invested in a personal account managed by a DSS.

E

ETFburzovo obchodovaný fond

A fund that pools investors’ money and typically tracks an index, market or basket of assets. ETF units trade on an exchange like shares, and their value can rise or fall.

F

Fond kvalifikovaných investorov

A fund intended for investors who meet specified expertise or financial criteria. It may use broader, more complex strategies with higher risk.

I

Indexový fond

A fund designed to replicate the composition and performance of a selected index instead of actively choosing individual investments.

Inflácia

A rise in the general price level that reduces the purchasing power of money over time.

Investičné fondy

Collective investment vehicles that pool money from multiple investors and place it in different assets according to a defined strategy.

Investovanie

Putting money into assets in pursuit of a future return; the investment’s value can rise or fall.

Investičný horizont

The period for which you plan to keep money invested before you need to use it.

P

Podielové fondy

Funds in which investors receive units representing their share of pooled assets managed under the fund’s rules.

Predčasný starobný dôchodok

An old-age insurance pension paid before the normal retirement age. Its amount is reduced because payments start earlier, and entitlement depends on meeting statutory conditions.

Príspevok na dôchodkové sporenie

An amount regularly paid into pension savings. The result depends on both contribution size and saving duration.

Privátne dlhopisy

Bonds issued by private companies to finance their activities. Before investing, assess the issuer’s financial health, the issue terms, liquidity and the risk of non-payment.

Prvý pilier

The pay-as-you-go pension system administered by Sociálna poisťovňa and funded from current insurance contributions.

R

Reinvestícia výnosov

Investing received interest, dividends or other returns again so that they can generate further returns.

S

SDSStarobné dôchodkové sporenie (II. pilier)

Old-age pension saving in which part of a person’s contributions is invested in a personal account managed by a DSS.

Sociálna poisťovňa

The public institution that administers social insurance in Slovakia, including pension insurance.

SZČOsamostatne zárobkovo činná osoba

A person carrying out self-employed economic activity whose obligations can include paying social insurance contributions.

Š

Štátne dlhopisy

Debt securities issued by a government to finance its needs. Investors lend money to the state, while repayment depends on the issue terms and the state’s ability to meet its obligations.

T

Tretí pilier

Voluntary supplementary pension saving to which an employer may also contribute.

U

Uzavretý podielový fond

A mutual fund with a limited number of units where investors generally cannot continuously ask the fund to redeem them.

V

Vstupný poplatok

A fee charged when money is placed into an investment, which can reduce the amount actually invested.

Výstupný poplatok

A fee charged when an investment is withdrawn or redeemed, which can reduce the amount paid out.

Z

Zložené úročenie

A process in which future returns are earned on earlier returns as well as on the original amount.

Zmiešané fondy

Funds that combine several asset types, such as shares and bonds. Their risk and return potential depend on the chosen investment mix.

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